When we think of nuclear energy, we usually think of nuclear reactors like Sizewell, Dungeness, Chernobyl and 3 Mile Island.
These reactors are often touted as part of the way to reduce carbon emissions by replacing coal, oil and gas powered stations (I believe the UK government is considering them for example).
However, we all know the problem with nuclear plants: Nuclear waste.
Or, at least, that's the problem with the plants so far, which all use nuclear fission.
Now, however, they're working on a
fusion reactor in southern France which could pave the way to limitless,
clean energy.
The reactor, called Iter, uses the fact that, when you push together atoms lighter than iron, and 'fuse' them, energy is released. No radioactive material is used in the process, so there's no radioactive waste.
Nuclear
fission, on the other hand,
splits heavy atoms apart to produce the same sort of energy. This involves the use of materials like uranium and plutonium, so the waste is radiactive.
Iter is the first of it's kind in the world and is a joint project between the EU, South Korea, the US, Russia, Japan, China, and India. It's not finished yet, will cost about £12 billion, and it's not even certain that fusion will produce enough energy to justify the enormous costs!
Still, there's obviously a great deal of interest, and with good reason: Limitless, clean, and reliable energy is the holy grail of our times.
The project will probably start producing around 2016.